The by-products of paper and wood products manufacture are already being utilized in many different ways. A good example of this is provided by wood-plastic composites, which are manufactured from paper and plastics that are left unutilized in the value chain of self-adhesive laminate production.Wood-plastic composites will be on display at this year’s World Expo 2010 in Shanghai, where the Finnish pavilion will be clad with modern shingles made out of a wood-plastic composite material.The Nordic pulp and paper industry has managed to reduce its waste output through substantial increases in the efficiency of materials utilization. The amount of landfill waste has reduced to a third over the last 15 years, while production of pulp and paper has increased 50 percent in the same time.One-third of the landfill waste produced by the forest industry is made up of ash and one-third of green liquor sludge. Utilization of both these waste fractions is challenging, even though the forest industry has made significant investments into developing opportunities for their use. The most effective way with which to reduce landfill placement of forest industry waste is the improvement of waste utilization opportunities – also through legislative means such as developing regulations on earthwork and fertilization, according to the Finnish Forest Industries Federation.?